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{{infobox Aircraft |name =Fokker 100
|type =[airliner
|manufacturer =[Fokker
|image =Image:Fokker.100.750pix.jpg
|caption =British Midland Airways Fokker 100
|designer =
|first flight =
November 30, [
|introduced =February 1988 with [Swissair
|retired =
|status = Active service
|primary user = [TAM Linhas Aéreas (18)
|more users = [Click Mexicana (18)
[KLM Cityhopper (18)
[Iran Air (18)
[Austrian Arrows (16)
[OceanAir (16)
|produced = 1986-1997
|number built =283
|developed from = [Fokker F28
|unit cost =
|variants with their own articles = [Fokker 70 (shorter version)
-->
The
Fokker 100 is a medium size twin-
turbofan airliner from the
Fokker company.
Low operational costs and almost no competition in the 100-seat short-range class made it a best seller when it was introduced in the late 1980s, but improved models of the Boeing 737 and
Airbus A320 affected sales and Fokker became insolvent. Production ended in 1997 with 283 airframes delivered. In August 2006, 229 Fokker 100 aircraft remained in airline service with 47 airlines around the world.
Flight International, 3-9 October 2006.
History
The Fokker 100 design was announced in 1983 as an updated replacement for Fokker's popular, but superseded
Fokker F28 Fellowship design. Although the majority of the parts between the two aircraft are different, the Fokker 100 was certificated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration as the Fokker 28-0100. The most noticeable difference was the much longer fuselage, which increased seating by 65% from 65 in the original F28 series to 107 in a three-by-two single-class arrangement. Fokker also introduced a redesigned wing for the 100, which they claimed was 30% more efficient in cruise. The engines were upgraded to the modern Rolls-Royce Tay (turbofan) turbofans, while the cockpit was updated with an
glass cockpit package. The Fokker 100 features twin fuselage-mounted engines and a
T-tail, similar to that of the Douglas DC-9 family. The Fokker 100 also does not have eyebrow windows above the main cockpit windows as is present in the Fokker 28.
Two prototypes were built - the first, PH-MKH, flew for the first time on November 30, 1986, and the second, PH-MKC, followed on
February 25, 1987. The type certificate was awarded in November 1987. The first deliveries of the TAY620-15 powered versions started to Swissair in February 1988. American Airlines (75 planes ordered), TAM Linhas Aéreas (50 planes) and
US Air (40 planes) were major customers of the Fokker 100 and were powered by the more powerful TAY650-15.
By 1991, Fokker had produced 70 units and had orders for a total of more than 230. An extended range version with additional fuel tanks in the wings was introduced in 1993, and a quick-change passenger/freighter version in 1994, the 100QC. A shorter version was introduced in 1993 as a direct replacement for the earlier Fokker F28, known as the
Fokker 70, which removed 4.70 m of the fuselage and reduced seating to 80. Studies on the 130 seat
F130 and the
Fokker 100QC (freighter) did not reach further stages of development. A
Fokker 100EJ (Executive Jet) has been introduced in 2003 as a conversion from used Fokker 100 aircraft.
Although the design was a success in the marketplace, Fokker continued to lose massive amounts of money due to mismanagement. Eventually their parent company, Daimler Benz Aerospace, shut them down. Fokker collapsed in 1996 and wound up production in early 1997. There had been some discussion about the company being purchased by
Bombardier, but the plans fell through.
An Amsterdam-based group,
Rekkof Restart (Rekkof is Fokker spelled backwards) negotiated to re-open the
Fokker 70 and 100 lines in 1999, but the deal never completed. Stork NV acquired the maintenance business for the aircraft and operated it under the name "Fokker Aviation". History of Fokker
Like any number of designs, the 70/100 was being increasingly squeezed from below by stretched versions of the Bombardier and Embraer
regional jets, which also killed off plans for the Fairchild 728JET/928JET and an unnamed design from
ATR. A proposed stretch version called the Fokker 130 was never built.
Crashes and incidents
Fokker 100. Fokker 100. Fokker 100. Fokker 100.
- On 5 March 1993, a Palair Macedonian Airlines Fokker 100 crashed near Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, in climb, due to icing. Four of the six crew and 77 of the 91 passengers were killed.
- In 1996, a problem in a Reverse thrust caused TAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 402 to crash in São Paulo shortly after take-off, killing 95 and 4 on the ground. Since the thrust reverser warning light was rendered inoperative, the crew had no idea what had failed and how to solve the problem until they crashed.
- In July 9, 1997, an explosive structural failure fatally blew part of the floor, a bench and a passenger out of a TAM Linhas Aéreas Fokker 100 during flight.
- In September 18, 2001, two cabin windows shattered on a TAM Fokker 100 due to an engine breakup, and the depressurization killed one of the 82 passengers on board.
- On August 31, 2002, another TAM Fokker 100 force-landed at a farm near Araçatuba after running out of fuel. The gear-down landing's only victim was a cow on the ground. No passengers were injured. On the same day, another Fokker 100 made an emergency gear-up landing at Viracopos-Campinas International Airport. Shortly after the incidents of August 31, TAM announced its intention to immediately reduce its fleet of Fokker 100 and phase out the type completely within three years.As of September 27, 2007, TAM was still flying Fokker 100s.
- On 25 January 2005 about 11 pm a Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100 (YU-AOM) jet ran off the side of the runway during a night landing in snowy conditions at Podgorica. The nosegear collapsed and the airplane skidded for about 700 metres before coming to rest, 1180 m after touchdown. Two passengers, pilot and co-pilot were injured.
- On August 8, 2006, a front door of a TAM flight came off a few minutes after takeoff at the Congonhas-São Paulo International Airport, in São Paulo (city), Brazil. The cabin had not yet been pressurized and the pilot was able to land back at Congonhas. The door fell approximately 450 meters (1,470 feet) onto the roof of a supermarket, causing no major damage.
- On January 25, 2007, a Régional Fokker 100 (F-GMPG) overran the runway on an aborted takeoff. No evidence of bird strike or engine malfunction was found. The pilot did not ask for deicing before taking-off. One person killed on the ground as the aircraft hit a truck. ( Preliminary report .)
Current operators
Major operators of the 229 Fokker 100 aircraft (at August 2006) include:
Alpi Eagles (10), Iran Aseman Airlines (12), Austrian Arrows (16),
Brit Air (13),
Air Berlin (14), KLM Cityhopper (20),
Régional (10),
OceanAir (16), Avianca (13),
Click Mexicana (18), and TAM Linhas Aéreas (18). Some 29 other airlines also operate smaller numbers of the type.
Specifications
{{aircraft specifications]. -->|ref=|crew= 2 flight crew, 2 to 3 cabin crew|capacity= Passenger capacity: 85 to 122, 107 typical|length main= 35.53 m|length alt= 116 ft 6 in|span main= 28.08 m|span alt= 92 ft 1 in|height main= 8.5 m|height alt= 27 ft 10 in|area main= |area alt= |airfoil=|empty weight main= 30000 kg|empty weight alt= |loaded weight main= 44,450 kg|loaded weight alt= 97,900 lb|useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 44,450 kg|max takeoff weight alt= |more general=
- Horizontal stabilizer span: 10.04 m (32 ft 11 in)
- Fuselage diameter: 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in)
|engine (jet)=
Rolls-Royce Tay (turbofan)|type of jet=
turbofans|number of jets=2|thrust main= 67 kN|thrust alt= 15,100 lbf|thrust original=|afterburning thrust main= |afterburning thrust alt=
|max speed main= 310 kts IAS / M.75|max speed alt= 845 km/h, 521 mph|cruise speed main= M.73|cruise speed alt= 755 km/h, 466 mph|never exceed speed main= 320 kts IAS / M.77|never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= 4,300 km (4,750 km in the ER versions)|range alt= 2,322 nm, 2652 mi|ceiling main= 35,000 ft|ceiling alt= 11,300 m|climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight=|power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance=|armament=|avionics=-->
References
External links
- Future100 Executive Jet
- Rekkof Project
- Fokker 100 info
- Fokker 100 Operators Worldwide
Related content
{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=
|lists=
|see also=-->
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